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Capacitive microphones have two metal plates, one of which is coated with elector film (most of which is polyperfluorinated ethylene propylene) and grounded, and the other plate is connected to the gate of the field effect transistor. The gate and the source electrode are indirectly connected by a diode, as shown in figure 2-4. When electret diaphragm itself with charge and surface charge power for Q, plate between the electric capacity of C, in the head is produced voltage U = Q/C, when by vibration or by air friction, due to the vibration change the distance between the two plates, the capacitance C change, and power Q remains unchanged, it will cause the change of the voltage, the size of the voltage change, reflects the strength of the external pressure, the voltage change frequency reflects the outside the frequency of the sound, this is the working principle of the electret microphone.

Advantages:

Capable of converting sound directly into electrical signals

Capacitive microphone is based on the capacitive charging and discharging principle between conductors. It USES ultra-thin metal or gold-plated plastic film as vibrating film to induce sound voltage, so as to change the static voltage between conductors and directly convert it into electrical energy signal.

It can show the feature of original sound reproduction

Sound experts to pursue "original sound reproduction" for the highest level of sound! From the analysis of the basic design principle of the microphone, it is not difficult to find that the capacitive microphone can not only rely on the precise mechanism of ** technology, but also combine with the complex electronic circuit, can directly convert the sound into electrical signals, innate has excellent characteristics, so it becomes the best choice for the pursuit of "original sound reproduction".

It has a very broad frequency response

Vibratory membrane is the main component of the microphone to detect sound and convert it into electrical signals. The vibratory membrane material and mechanism design are the characteristics that determine the sound quality of the microphone. Because the vibration film of capacitive microphone can be made of extremely thin and thin materials, and the induced sound pressure can be directly converted into audio signal, so the frequency response bass can be extended to the ultra-low frequency below 10Hz, and the treble can easily reach tens of KHz ultrasound, to show a very broad frequency response characteristics!

Ultra-high sensitivity

Because there is no voice coil load on the vibration film, it can adopt extremely thin and thin design, so not only the frequency response is extremely superior, but also has excellent sensitivity, can sense extremely weak sound waves, output the most clear, delicate and accurate original sound!

Fast instantaneous response characteristics

In addition to determining the frequency response and sensitivity of the microphone, the vibratory membrane's ability to respond quickly or slowly to sound waves, known as the "instantaneous response" characteristic, is one of the most important factors affecting the tone of the microphone. The speed of the instantaneous response of the microphone depends on the weight of the whole vibrating membrane. The lighter the vibrating membrane is, the faster the response speed will be. Capacitive head is an extremely thin vibrating film with extremely fast instantaneous response, which can display clear, bright and powerful timbre and accurate audio and video. In particular, there is no sound dye and "box sound" in the middle and bass, and the treble is delicate and clear, which is the most prominent timbre characteristic of capacitive type. It can be clearly seen from the attached figure that the instantaneous response characteristic of the capacitive head is much better than that of the moving coil.

With ultra low touch noise characteristics

When using the hand-held microphone, the touch noise generated by the contact with the palm mixes the original sound with additional noise, which has a great impact on the sound quality, especially on the wireless microphone with the preamplifier circuit. Therefore, the touch noise becomes an important item to judge the merits of the microphone. From the discussion of physical phenomena, goose feather and copper plate also fell to the floor, goose feather almost can not hear the sound of falling, and the copper plate is very loud, showing that the lighter materials heavier impact sound is small. Similarly, the vibration membrane of capacitive microphone is relatively light, and it is endowed with the excellent characteristics of "ultra-low touch noise".

It has the characteristics of resistance to fall and impact

When using the microphone, it is inevitable to cause malfunction or abnormality due to accidental drop and collision. Because the capacitive head is made of lighter plastic parts and a solid light metal case, the impact force to the ground is less, the failure rate of damage is lower

Small size and light weight

Capacitive microphone because of the use of ultra-thin vibration film, with small volume, light weight, high sensitivity and superior frequency response characteristics, so can be designed into a very small microphone (commonly known as small bees and ants) a wide range of applications

Best suited for wireless microphones

Capacitive microphone has the characteristics of the perfect, become the singing sound engineering experts and master's favourite, and wireless microphones in stage or singing karaoke in the home, has become a trend in today's world, wireless microphone for itself can offer bias in condenser cartridge, which has all the advantages of the capacitive microphone, become the era of digital audio, professional audio expert coveted best microphone.